Intermarriage and COVID-19 mortality among immigrants. A population-based cohort study from Sweden

Siddartha Aradhya , Maria Brandén , Sven Drefahl , Ognjen Obucina (1) , Gunnar Andersson , Mikael Rostila , Eleonora Mussino , Sol Pía Juárez

1 INED - Institut national d'études démographiques

Objectives : To evaluate the role of language proficiency and institutional awareness in explaining excess COVID-19 mortality among immigrants. Design : Cohort study with follow-up between 12 March 2020 and 23 February 2021. Setting : Swedish register-based study on all residents in Sweden. Participants : 3 963 356 Swedish residents in co-residential unions who were 30 years of age or older and alive on 12 March 2020 and living in Sweden in December 2019. Outcome measures : Cox regression models were conducted to assess the association between different constellations of immigrant-native couples (proxy for language proficiency and institutional awareness) and COVID-19 mortality and all other causes of deaths (2019 and 2020). Models were adjusted for relevant confounders. Results : Compared with Swedish-Swedish couples (1.18 deaths per thousand person-years), both immigrants partnered with another immigrant and a native showed excess mortality for COVID-19 (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.58 and HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, respectively), which translates to 1.37 and 1.28 deaths per thousand person-years. Moreover, similar results are found for natives partnered with an immigrant (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.29), which translates to 1.29 deaths per thousand person-years. Further analysis shows that immigrants from both high-income and low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) experience excess mortality also when partnered with a Swede. However, having a Swedish-born partner is only partially protective against COVID-19 mortality among immigrants from LMIC origins. Conclusions : Language barriers and/or poor institutional awareness are not major drivers for the excess mortality from COVID-19 among immigrants. Rather, our study provides suggestive evidence that excess mortality among immigrants is explained by differential exposure to the virus.

Mots clés: Excess mortality; COVID-19; immigrants; couples; intermarriage; Sweden

Domaines: Sciences de l'Homme et Société

Siddartha Aradhya, Maria Brandén, Sven Drefahl, Ognjen Obucina, Gunnar Andersson, et al.. Intermarriage and COVID-19 mortality among immigrants. A population-based cohort study from Sweden. BMJ Open, 2021, 11 (9), pp.e048952 (1-8). ⟨10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048952⟩. ⟨hal-03334283⟩